Required strength of geosynthetics in a reinforced slope with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects

The Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) yield criterion is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soils. By introducing the concept of tensile strength cut-off, the M-C criterion is modified to reduce or eliminate the tensile strength from the criterion. In this study, a new approach is proposed to investigate the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive soils subjected to seepage effects by means of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. The distribution of pore-water pressure is obtained using the numerical modeling software package, FLAC3D. A kinematically admissible failure mechanism is discretized to incorporate the results from the numerical simulation. The strength of geosynthetics required for maintaining the slope stability is evaluated from the work-energy balance equation. An optimization routine is used to seek out the maximum value among all possible results. Design charts providing the normalized required reinforcement under different parameters are plotted for a parametric study and convenient use in engineering. The obtained results show that less reinforcement is required in the presence of soil cohesion, and that the inclusion of the effect of tensile strength cut-off leads to a more conservative solution, which is more obvious in the presence of seepage effects.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the ultimate bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand

Geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structures have gained popularity in replacing concrete rigid piles as abutments to support medium or small-spanned bridge superstructures in recent years. This study conducted 13 model tests to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass when sand was used as backfill soil. The GRS mass was constructed and loaded to failure under a plane strain condition. Test results were compared with two analytical solutions available in literature. This study also proposed an analytical model for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The failure surface of the GRS mass was described by the Rankine failure surface. The effects of compaction and reinforcement tension were equivalent to increased confining pressures to account for the reinforcing effects of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The proposed model was verified by the results of the model tests conducted in this study and reported in literature. Results indicated that the proposed model was more capable of predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass than the other two analytical solutions available in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of GRS structures when sand was used as backfill material. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement strength, and reinforcement stiffness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass calculated with and without compaction effects. Results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass was significantly affected by the friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing and strength. Compaction effects resulted in an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass.     

考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维土-水特征曲面模型

为研究变形和滞回效应对非饱和土水-力耦合特性的影响,以边界面理论为基础,建立一个同时考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维非饱和土土-水特征曲面模型,所建立模型可完整地描述非饱和土的水-力耦合特性。提出的本构方程以吸力和孔隙比为自变量,以饱和度为因变量,建立三维土-水特征曲面模型,通过编程实现了本模型的预测功能。通过程序的预测结果与一系列不同应力和水力路径下的试验结果进行对比,在饱和度-吸力/孔隙比二维平面及饱和度-吸力-孔隙比三维空间中,均验证了所建立模型的适用性及预测精度。     

桩承式路堤土拱数值模拟中路堤土本构模型的选择

数值模拟方法已成为研究桩承式路堤中土拱最重要的手段,其关键在于路堤填土要采用合理的本构模型。建立桩承式路堤平面土拱分析的弹塑性有限元模型,考虑摩尔-库伦模型（MC）、硬化土模型（HS）和小应变硬化土模型（HSS）3种不同的路堤土本构模型,用有限元方法模拟不同路堤土本构模型下桩承式路堤中的土拱形态和土拱效应。计算结果表明：3种不同路堤土本构模型下平面土拱的形态都是半个椭圆。路堤土采用HS和HSS模型,获得的土拱形态、效应和桩帽-土差异沉降相同。较之HS和HSS模型,路堤土采用MC模型时计算得到的桩帽-土差异沉降较小,桩帽荷载分担比略大。当路堤高度较小时,采用MC模型获得的土拱远小于HS和HSS模型下的计算结果。土拱效应的数值模拟中路堤土可采用简单的MC模型,但土拱形态的数值模拟中路堤土宜采用HS模型。     

15%腐霉利烟剂在保护地番茄及土壤中的消解动态与残留量

为评价腐霉利在保护地番茄上使用的安全性,建立其使用规范,2013年在6地进行了15%腐霉利烟剂在番茄和土壤中的残留试验。样品采用乙腈提取,固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱电子捕获检测器进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:腐霉利在番茄和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.9~3.7 d和1.4~2.7 d。番茄及土壤中腐霉利残留量均低于2 mg/kg。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中六六六和滴滴涕残留

建立了快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDD、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDT等8种有机氯农药残留的方法。8种有机氯农药标准曲线方程的相关系数均在0.9990以上;检出限为0.094-0.102μg·kg^-1;基质加标实验的回收率为84%-120%,相对标准偏差为3.06%-5.27%。该方法快速、定性和定量准确可靠,适合土壤中六六六和滴滴涕残留的分析测定。     

多氯联苯污染土壤修复技术研究进展

多氯联苯是环境中广泛存在的一种持久性有机化合物,具有三致作用。多氯联苯具有疏水性和亲脂性,土壤是其在环境中的最终归宿,因此,多氯联苯污染土壤的修复越来越受到重视。简介了多氯联苯的基本性质、土壤环境中多氯联苯的污染现状,综述了国内外多氯联苯污染土壤修复技术的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术研究进展

土壤重金属污染已成为全球性问题。污染土壤的传统治理方法成本高、效率低,并且还给生态环境带来其它危害。植物修复技术因成本较低、易被公众接受且无二次污染等优点越来越受到重视。介绍了植物修复技术的分类及超积累植物的来源、发展、筛选、应用,就植物修复技术的植物资源进行了综述,并对重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术进行了展望。     

非饱和重塑与结构性黄土等向压缩试验离散元分析

为了研究非饱和重塑与结构性黄土在等向压缩条件下宏微观力学性质,进行了等向压缩室内试验的离散元数值分析。运用本团队提出的非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型,根据室内真三轴试验标定三维接触模型参数,进行了非饱和重塑与结构性黄土的等向压缩离散元模拟,并与室内试验结果进行了对比,在此基础上分析了其宏微观力学机理。结果表明:离散元模拟结果能较好的定性反映黄土的力学特征,非饱和黄土的孔隙比随平均应力先缓慢下降,后在屈服压力附近开始过渡到快速下降;胶结接触在达到某阈值平均应力时开始发生破坏;胶结开始发生大量破坏的阈值与压缩曲线上的结构屈服应力有很好的对应关系。